Tarzan of the Apes and Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano :: Sociology Essays Research Papers

The Primitive In Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan of the Apes and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African When societies judge other cultures their judgments argon often biased and ethnocentric. In Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan of the Apes, Tarzan, the perfect specimen of white masculinity and testament to the viability of white civilization,1 projected many ideals and views of European companionship. Olaudah Equiano gave a low hand account of his life from his captive into slavery through his liberation in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African. In these two novels members of the European and African society classify the others culture as primitive. These classifications lead the reader of both novels to question What is primitive? Raised in the jungle by apes Tarzan never lived in European civilization yet he inherited the mannerisms and ethics of that society. Burroug hs positioned Tarzan at the top of the hierarchy of civilization spot he placed the African Mbongo tribe at the bottom. As Tarzan watched the cannibal rituals of the Mbongo, he began to hold his own kind in low esteem2. Many in Burroughs society disregarded the cultural practices of the Africans by writing them off as being primitive and lacking value. Overlooking the social structure and the established customs, Europeans considered the Africans primitive because they were different. Tarzan did not interact with the Mbongo he found them to be savage and uncivilized. This ethnocentric lens that created distinctions and separation transcended the cultural borders. At age 11, slave traders kidnapped Olaudah Equiano, a child who never knew any culture outside of his own. When he first encountered white people, his initial reaction showed the same culture shock and ethnocentric view displayed by Tarzan. I came among people who did not circumcise, and who ate without washing their hands. They cooked their provisions in iron pots, and had European cutlasses and cross bows, which were unknown to us and fought with their fists among themselves. Their women were not so modest as ours for they ate, drank, and slept with their men. But, above all, I was amazed to see no sacrifices or offerings among them.

General George Smith Patton Essay -- Papers

General George Smith PattonA burning desire to go forth and reach personal conquests exists inside every man. This passion a high-priced deal navigates the would-be hero into a state of tragedy involving pain and suffering for those around. One individual, in particular, inflicted strain and duress on others with a harsh, and often criticized irregular style of leading when he took his campaign across Europe and into Germany. General George Smith Patton, younger led an expedition across a continent to relinquish the world of its Nazi powers. This journey marked the conquest of perhaps the worlds greatest war general and his reputable demeanor.Patton experienced respect and admiration throughout his liveliness, head start very early when he was just an infant. He was born into a highly respected and extremely wealthy family in San Gabriel, California. It was this early taste of good fortune that allowed Patton to develop a taste for fine things such as horses. Growing up he was an avid polo player and became very good oddly in college. After attending exquisite private schools, Patton left and attended the U.S. Military Academy and graduated in 1909. (WB 140) After his graduation, Patton joined the cavalry and in the end served in World War I. Patton was an excellent physical specimen and a strong addition to any early fighting battalion. Along to go with his streamlined build was a strong mentality of perseverance and excellence, which he drilled into his life everyday. From his earliest years, he believed himself destined to be a soldier. Much of his life was spent in the limelight. As a young cavalry officer and well-rounded athlete, he competed in five events during the 1912 Olympic games held in Stockholm, Sweden. He pose ... ...Essame, H. Patton A Study in Command. New York Charles Scribners Sons. 1974. Farago, Ladislas. The Last Days of Patton. New York McGraw Hill Book Company. 1981.Mysak, Joe. Patton The Man Behind the Leg end 1885-1945. National Review. 38 (April 25, 1994) 52-53.An amend Army. Africe News Service. 11 Feb. 2000 179.Patton. Dir. Franklin J. Schaffner. 20th Century Fox, 1970. New Line Home Video, 1985.Patton. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Second Edition. 12. Orozco-Radisson. Cole. Detroit. 1998.Pattons Plan for Winning the War. Newsweek. 8 Mar. 1999 48.General George S. Patton, Jr. Biography. 2000 WriteForCash.com. http//www.allsands.com/generalgeorgep_ra_gn.htm.George Smith Patton, Jr. GSP. 1 Jun. 1998.http//www.angelfire.com/sys/popup_source.shtml.

Interesting Person :: essays research papers

An fire person should have lots of intrigues in his brain, and he should have a curious characteristic. So the adjective "interesting" seems to be the best word to describe me, there is no other better word. All of my old friends know I am a person who has lots of intrigues and happiness. In every important party, I am always invited to be the joker. For these reasons, I believe that I am the most interesting person I know.Interesting things were not strange to me when I was young. I still remember when I in primary school, I always concept about the difference amidst boys and girls. The most interesting matter was that why boys and girls went to different restrooms, and what was the difference of the equipment inside restrooms. This question was always running around in my brain. Once I asked my father about it, but it might because my father grew up in a traditional Chinese family in which no bingle could talk about sex, his answer was " you will know when you get older" which made me frustrated. Because I was extremely interested in this matter, so once I decided to switch the male-restroom card and the female-restroom card to see what would happen. The consequence was that no one knew how to use the equipment in the switched restrooms. Finally, my class teacher who blamed me for tricking classmates told me about the differences between boys and girls.Till I entered high school, I still did not change my naughty characteristic. I have a very interesting experience to component with you One time my brother drove me to school by his new Honda sports car, he drove faster by my request as I was outlet to be late. He stepped on the gas deeply and the sports car activated its V-tech function, in not more than 5 seconds, the sports car reached sixty miles per hour on the road supposed to drive thirty-five miles per hour at most. Unfortunately, we was unknowingly caught in an automated f number trap hid somewhere on the road, and it measured our speed using radar and photographed our car. Two days later, I received a ticket for forty dollars and a photo of my brothers car. Instead of payment, I sent the guard department a photograph of forty dollars. Several days later, my brother told me that he received a strange letter from the police department that contained a ticket for a hundred dollars and a photo of handcuffs.

Analysing Invisible Man Essay -- Invisible Man Ralph Ellison Essays

Analysing Invisible Man After reading this book I wondered what it would be like to be blind thusly gain sight, but realize you cannot train yourself because you are invisible. It seems like a cruel joke that erst you can see you realize that you still cannot see who you are. Even though this seems like a very depressing event Ellison makes it seem like a positive thing. While, at the end of the story, the teller still does not know his place in the world he seems to be glad that he is no longer blindfolded. He even questions the readers ability to see, Who knows but that, on some lower frequencies, I speak for you? What Ellison does well is the evolution of the narrators blindness. The blindness motif seems to number 1 show up at the battle royal. The blindfold scares the narrator. He was not used to darkness, and it put him in a blind terror. This is the first time that the narrator admits his blindness, but at the akin time he also shows the blindness of opposites. All of the men in the battle royal are blindfolded. Is this symbolic of the African-Americans betrothal in society? The whites have blindfolded them and they have no idea who they are battleing against. So they end up beating each other rather than the real people they should be fighting. I think Ellison goes even deeper than mere race relations in this scene. I think he is demonstrate the plight of the individual in society. I think Ellison is saying that we fight blindly amongst ourselves, and it is not until we take off the blindfolds that we can band together and fight the real enemy. When the narrator finally is allowed to remove his blindfold he is so preoccupied with what he believes he is there for that he can not unfeignedly focus on his fight with Tatlock. Again Ellison is commenting on the plight of the individual. The narrator is also blind to Dr. Bledsoes true nature. It is not until later in the story that he realizes that Bledsoe wears different masks in fron t of different people. The narrator cannot be completely held at fault here because others are also fooled by Bledsoe. Bledsoe also dupes Barbee. Ellison then lets the reader know that Barbee is physically blind. Why is that fact important? I believe that Ellison is saying that anyone who buys into Bledsoe or Bledsoes way of thinking is also blind. There is a point in Barbees speech where he is turning toward Dr. B... ... fact that he can be mistaken for Rinehart proves that Rinehart has no identity himself, but it also proves the same thing for the narrator. This seems to be why the narrator is never given a name. How do we identify people? By their names, and he has no identity so he is nameless. The Epilogue is as important as the Prologue. Here we learn that the narrator is ready to go tabu and search for his identity. However, now he seems to see himself as higher than others because of his experiences. He states that everyone has experienced the same thing he has, but o n a lower frequency. Is this conceit, or is he trying to touch base to everyone? If it is conceit then I am less likely to trust the narrator and his point of view on all that happened to him. However, he speaks of his social duty so he seems to be a caring someone, and it is because of this that I trust him.Questions1. Is Mr. Norton wrong in believing that the narrator is his destiny?2. Who is the most visible person in the book?3. Ellison seems to be speaking out against stereotyping, yet most of his characters are types rather than characters. Is he the very thing he is speaking out against?

Identification of Bacteria in Wastewater Essay example -- Scientific R

The analytical techniques for direct detection, enumeration, isolation and identification many different types of pathogenic bacteria in wastewater and accompanying sludge require well-trained technicians. in addition its usually are unpredictable, difficult, hugely expensive, costly and time-consuming procedures. The task would be enormous if one contemplates the monitoring of hundreds of pathogens and parasites on a routine basis in water and wastewater treatment plants, receiving waters, soils and others environmental samples (Lucero-Ramirez, 2000 and Bitton, 2005). To avoid these problems, Toze (1997) reported that the indicator microorganisms are indicators of fecal pollution used to determine the relative risk of the practical presences of microbial pathogens. Indicator organisms are also used as models for the behavior of pathogens e.g. to determine the efficiency of treatment processes. In this study the bacterial load of the effluent samples examined in this study was su mmarized in Table 1. There are no significant differences between geometric means of TBC and TC cell number in all samples collected from STP1, STP2 and STP3. The log10 CFU /100 mL of TC of effluent samples collected from STPs was significantly different from the log10 of FC and enterococci cell number (P 0.05 as determined by ANOVA). The geometric mean values for the TC ranged from 6.12 to 5.39 log10 CFU /100 mL. Enterococci levels in treated effluent at STP1 were significantly less than STP2 and STP3. According to data collected from STPs under study, STP2 is specialised for treated of the domestic sewage coming from medical centers, while STP1 treated the wastewater coming from laboratories that operate on the experiences of pharmaceutical in the educationa... ...tion complies with the WHO guidelines for unrestricted irrigation regarding the FC nitty-gritty (1000 CFU/100 mL or 3 log10 CFU/100 mL). According to Alcalde et al., (2003) the effluent which has these parameters c an be used for unrestricted irrigation of several crops during the entire stratum without any additional disinfection treatment. This results were accepted by Deportes et al. (1998) who reported that during storage, indicators and pathogenic microorganisms remained either undetectable or at low level. Moreover, survivals of microorganisms that are associated with solids are more than when they are suspended in water (Straub et al., 1992). Works CitedStraub, T. M., Pepper, I. L. and Gerba, C. P. (1992) Persistence of viruses in desert soil amended with anaerobically digested sewage sludge. Journal of Applied Environmental and Microbiology (58), 636645.

Identification of Bacteria in Wastewater Essay example -- Scientific R

The analytical techniques for direct detection, enumeration, isolation and identification many different types of pathogenic bacteria in wastewater and accompanying sludge require well-trained technicians. Also its usually are unpredictable, difficult, hugely expensive, costly and time-consuming procedures. The task would be enormous if one contemplates the monitoring of hundreds of pathogens and parasites on a routine basis in water and wastewater treatment plants, receiving waters, soils and others environmental samples (Lucero-Ramirez, 2000 and Bitton, 2005). To avoid these problems, Toze (1997) reported that the indicator microorganisms are indicators of fecal pollution use to determine the relative risk of the possible presences of microbial pathogens. Indicator organisms are also use as models for the behavior of pathogens e.g. to determine the efficiency of treatment processes. In this study the bacterial load of the effluent samples examined in this study was summarized in Table 1. There are no significant differences between geometric way of life of TBC and TC cell offspring in all samples collected from STP1, STP2 and STP3. The log10 CFU /100 mL of TC of effluent samples collected from STPs was significantly different from the log10 of FC and enterococci cell number (P 0.05 as determined by ANOVA). The geometric mean values for the TC ranged from 6.12 to 5.39 log10 CFU /100 mL. Enterococci levels in treated effluent at STP1 were significantly less than STP2 and STP3. gibe to data collected from STPs under study, STP2 is specific for treated of the domestic sewage coming from medical centers, while STP1 treated the wastewater coming from laboratories that operate on the experiences of pharmaceutical in the educationa... ...tion complies with the WHO guidelines for unrestricted irrigation regarding the FC content (1000 CFU/100 mL or 3 log10 CFU/100 mL). According to Alcalde et al., (2003) the effluent which has these parameters can be used for u nrestricted irrigation of several crops during the entire year without any additional disinfection treatment. This results were accepted by Deportes et al. (1998) who reported that during storage, indicators and pathogenic microorganisms remained either undetectable or at belittled level. Moreover, survivals of microorganisms that are associated with solids are more than when they are suspended in water (Straub et al., 1992). Works CitedStraub, T. M., Pepper, I. L. and Gerba, C. P. (1992) Persistence of viruses in desert soil amended with anaerobically digested sewage sludge. journal of Applied Environmental and Microbiology (58), 636645.

Motion Analysis – Jump Shot

Motion Analysis Basketball Jump Shot The main joints involved in a basketball spring shot include the hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, cubitus, and articulatio radiocarpea. All of these joints flex and extend. The jump shot can be split into three parts the set-up, the jump and hammock, and the post-release. The set-up involves a lot of flexion and extension of the hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder. Hip flexion occurs first and flexion of both knees until the thighs ar jibe to the ground follows closely. Knee flexion occurs at the same time with dorsi-flexion of both ankles to lessen the force of landing on the knees.The moment the reconciles feet are planted on the ground, flexion of both shoulders occurs until the tricep muscle is parallel to the ground. At this point, it is important to note that the elbow in the beginning of the set-up is already in flexion, forming a right angle between the forearm and upper arm. The wrist hyperextends so the ball is resting in the palm of the su bject. In this case, the subject is right handed, so the ball rests primarily in the right palm while the left wing hand provides support. At this point, the subject is ready to jump.Four joint actions occur simultaneously at this time. Both knees, ankles, and the hip extend as the subject pushes off the ground, and the elbow flexes a little further back. When the subject is in the air, the dominant elbow extends and the ball starts to roll towards the tip of the fingers. When the elbow is almost entirely extended, the wrist begins to flex, which is when the release occurs and the ball leaves the palm of the hand towards the basket. After the release, the subject is drawn back to the ground.During this descent, the shoulders begin to extend back towards the anatomical position. This action continues through the landing. As the subject lands, the ankles begin to dorsi-flex. During the dorsi-flexion, the knees and hips flex slightly to absorb the force of landing. By the end of the l anding, the hip and knees are flexed, the shoulders are completely extended, and the feet are firmly planted on the ground. The hip joint flexes primarily due to the iliopsoas muscle. The knee is controlled by rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles. R. emoris is responsible for extension and B. femoris is responsible for flexion. The ankle dorsiflexes because of the gastrocnemius and plantar flexes due to anterior tibialis. Shoulder flexion occurs because of Pectoralis major and extension occurs because of Latissimus dorsi. Biceps brachii is responsible for elbow flexion and triceps brachii is responsible for elbow extension. Flexor carpi radialis and Flexor carpi ulnaris are responsible for wrist flexion and Extensor carpi radialis and Extensor carpi ulnaris are responsible for the extension of the wrist.

My Theory of Human Nature Essay

It is homo nature to treat other population, animals, and yourself in different ship canal depending on how you feel, learns you accept had, and your upbringing in life. From the way that plenty fleck you can group people into different categories. These categories ar based off peoples culture, economic situation, and set and faith. Throughout my life and especi entirelyy this semester of college I have witnessed people treat other people, animals, and themselves unselfishly, frankly, fair, unfair mean, kind, destructive, and prudential.I am non sure what do these people treat these things in that way, plainly each person has their own reason on why they did it. In this essay I am going to talk about examples of how people treated animals, people, and themselves in different ways, different ways you can group people, and if people atomic number 18 innate(p)(p) the way they atomic number 18, or molded into the person they be through their upbringing. A very common th ing in todays society is inconsiderate people and a more rargon thing are people that are considerate. It used to be common manners to do simple things that made you be considerate, but as time has passed umpteen people have become more inconsiderate.During this semester I have witnessed some people cloak inconsiderately and considerately towards others and themselves. I see examples of inconsiderate people and considerate people everyday, whether I am walking to class, trying to sleep, or just sitting in my room. On example of this is the most common and easiest way to be inconsiderate. I see this when I am walking to class and someone goes into a room access forrad of me and they do not hold the door open for me and instead just let it slam in my salute.Another example is when I was in Chicago my friend Josh Rainer was sitting in a seat on the train and an elderly lady got on the bus and instead of intercommunicate her if she wanted his seat he stayed seated and the elderly lady had to stand up. A presbyopic with the inconsiderate people in society there are considerate people. Simple tasks uniform my friend introducing their friends to me is an example of a considerate thing that I have witnessed this semester. Finally this week Dr. Monaco asked my class is we would quite an have a take home final or an in class final.A little considerate task like this wobbled the whole week for many of us students and took stress off of us. So even if you are having a bad day going out of your way to do something considerate for someone else could change your day and that persons day for the best. Unfair people and fair people have been around forever and always will be. People are unfair for many different reason, whether it is because they feel like they need to have an advantage, or they dislike the person they are being unfair to, or many other reasons, but we see these types of people in our everyday lives.Along with this people are fair because they feel li ke it is the right thing to do, they like the person, or for other reasons, but we also see these people in our everyday lives. During this year of football I saw coached treat players unfair everyday. Eddie pontiff is a player on my football team and just because he was out of shape the coached would not let me participate in team sessions. He was only allowed to participate in individual sessions because they did not want him taking up time. Another example of people being unfair is seen in the officiate place.At my moms work my mom, Debbie Graves, and one of her co-workers, David Brookfield, have the exact same job and credentials, but he gets paid more than she does and more opportunities than she does. This is seen all the time in the work place whether is because of sex or race. While we see many unfair things everyday we also see things that are fair. Everyday in my entrance hall room I witness people being fair. I see it when people take turns playing the Xbox and sharing food and drinks with each other.Finally many people believe that life is not fair and they are always getting cheated, when in reality life is fair it is all about the labour you put into it. People know that they should be kind and that being mean can hurt people, but they still decide to act that way. In our lives we have been mean and kind and have also witnessed other people being mean and kind. During this semester this has been the easiest thing to notice. In the locker room during football I witnessed people being mean to each other everyday. Whether it was name-calling, fighting, or just taking things from each other.An example of this is Quentin taking different freshmens game pants until he finds the pair that he thinks fits the best. Many players on the teams call my roommate, Dominic, names about because he is over weight. People do kind things everyday whether they want to organize somebodys day better or are just kind person. My parents send me cards in the mail for no reason, but to articulate me they love me and hope I am having a good semester. Kate complements different people everyday just to put a smile on their face and make their day better.Finally these are examples of people that I have witnessed being kind and mean throughout the semester. When people are self-destructive and prudent they usually harm themselves and can sometimes harm others. These are things that I have not witnessed as much as the others things that I have talked about. My roommate Zach is self-destructive by his money spending habits and studying habits. He is self-destructive in these ways because in the long run these will hurt him because he will become poor and could fail classes if he does not change them.Examples of people being prudent that I have witnessed is my roommate Scott. He plans ahead and when shopping opines for discounts to save money. These things are acts of being prudent because he is looking out for the well being of him and these things w ill help him out in the long run. Finally people think that being self-destructive and prudent have to be things that will hurt you right then and there, but really they are things down the road that will help or hurt you. Philosophers question is every human is alike or not.I believe that every human is not alike, but quite different. Humans act in different ways because of things that they have experienced, the way that they were brought up, how they feel, what they know, and may other reasons. Not all universe have experienced the same thing, were brought up the same way, feel the same way about things, have the same knowledge, or are the same in other ways. How can humans be all be alike of this is the case? Finally humans may have the same features or look the same, but their nature is not all alike.Human nature is different from person to person, but it is similar enough between certain people that you are able to group humans in to different groups by how they act. I came up with three different groups that I can group people into. These groups are by culture, economic status, and values and faith. I chose these groups because these groups are distinct things that make their human nature different. I chose culture because where you grow up and how you grow up shape you into what you will be and how you will act.People that all grew up under the same culture will have similar human characteristics in nature. Economic situation is the same way. People that grew up in a wealthy family are going to act the same and have the same tendencies, trance people that grew up poor are going to have different tendencies because of how they grew up. An example of this is that wealthy people will take more things for granted and be more inconsiderate about what they get, while poor people are going to be more considerate about what they get.I also picked values and faith as groups for humans because when you grow up your parents inculcate you their values and faith. If a baby bird grows up learning about God and learns to always be kind, fair considerate, and prudent they are going to act differently than someone that grew up in a family that did not teach about God and taught their kid that it did not matter if you were inconsiderate or considerate, unfair or fair, mean or kind, and self-destructive or prudent.Some people believe that humans act the way they do because of their upbringing while other believe that humans act the way they do because of genetics, but I believe that humans act the way they do because of only their upbringing. Every human is born with different traits from their parents, but these traits are not what will make them who they are when they are adults. The things that their parents teach them, where they grow up, and how they grow up is going to be the final molding process for how they will act when they are adults.The environment that they grow up in, the things that they experience when they are growing up, and t he values that they learn are what is going to make them act the way they will when they are adults. Finally even though they are born with traits of their parents these traits are not what will make them act in different ways. The way they will act is learnt through their lives. Finally as the semester passed and I learnt more about ethics and philosophy I decided that Aristotle came closest to the truth as I saw it.He agrees that humans are born with traits, but these traits are not what make us who we are as adults. Virtue, then, being of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual virtues in the main owes both its fork out and its growth to teaching (for which reason it requires experience and time)(Denise Nicholas Sheldon 28). This supports how we are born with some traits, but these traits are not we act how we do. It is the experience and time that make us the way we are. Aristotle also agrees how nature is what molds us into who we are as adults.Neither by nature, then, nor contrary to nature do the virtues arise in us rather we are adapted by nature to receive them, and are made perfect by habit (Denise Nicholas Sheldon 28). This also supports how nature is not what makes us who we are. It is the morality our family teaches us and nature is only what molds those teachings. Finally traits like intelligence is not what makes a human act the way he does when he grows up, but it is the things he learns that does. For in speaking about a mans character we do not say that he is wise or has understanding but that he is good tempered or temperate (Denise Nicholas Sheldon 28).In conclusion I believe that humans do not act the way they do because they are born with these traits, but they are molded from different experiences in their lives, the environment they grew up in, and the family values they are taught. Humans are not all alike, but they can be grouped together into three different categories, culture, economic situation, and values and religion. Work Cited Denise, Theodore Cullom, Nicholas P. White, and Sheldon Paul Peterfreund. Great Traditions in Ethics. Australia Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008. Print.

Marketing In Primark Essay

1. IntroductionPrimark, after flinging in Ireland in 1969, has owned over 270 stores in any(prenominal) Europe countries. For internationalist expansion strategy, Primark has inventionned to open big store in US in 2015. This paper will focus on situation analytic thinking and competitive analysis to on a demean floorstand external and internal environment and understand their resources and index number. Basing on these understandings, there is the suggestion for Primark in panorama of marketing strategies to build and develop Primark in US market which is the excellent panache destination in the globe2. Situation analysis2.1. Internal analysis2.1.1. VisionPrimarks vision is to fracture nodes products which ar combined by three factors such as the naughty level of tone of voice, updated fashion and value for value prices2.1.2. MissionPrimark mission statement is To supply quality clothing at prices perceivedto offer real value. This brand is the vocalization of Associates British Foods (ABF) and was launched in Ireland in 1969 under the first name of cents. With its mission of operation, Primark is considered the typical bluster of trendy fashion store in Europe because it has offered the trendy clothing with the low price. As stated by Conti (2014), targeted customers of Primark argon bargain hunters who want to buy good products with reasonable price. Basing on mission statement, Primark defines its detailed mission with nearly characteristics such as the efficiency of product outsourcing, guileless design of products, the use of local materials, the focus on popular size, un-heavy advertising spending.2.1.3. Objectives (S.M.A.R.T )To pursue and turn over above mission and vision, Primark defined its objects. The first objective is to gain like-for-like produce by dint of the focus on purchasing increase, merchandise and the creation of exciting places as retail stores. Secondly, to target the increase number of customers, Primar ks objective is to increase the selling space both domestic everyy and internationally. Thirdly, in double with the update of latest fashion, Primark focuses on offering customers the wide range of products from men and women fashion to accessories and kids (yearly report, 2013)2.1.4. Strategies (S.T.P )Customers ar defined as the people who bring the revenue for the corporate and brand plaza is identified basing on the targeted customers. Hence, strategies to attract customers and build brand position are focused by companies. With the increasing number of corporate recently, companies stupefy leveraged GE/McKinsey moulding as the beam of light of competitive analysis, even in consulting companies (McKinsey & Company, 2008 Chakravarthy & Henderson, 2007). This perplex is used to identify brand position in relation with others.In the situation of Primark, Primark brand position is identified in the following GE model which is considered the support for decision making basing on product portfolio and competitive analysis. In the fashion exertion, internationalization and diversification strategies are identified with the understanding of the number of products and brands in the portfolio. In details, Primark has senior elevated school level of fabrication drawing card and strong business unit (Figure 1, p. 2)Figure 1 GE model in Primark business concern building block StrengthHighMediumLowIndustry AttractivenessHighPRIMARKMediumLowAccording to GE model (Porter, 1982 Abell & Hammond, 1986), industry attractiveness is analyze through some(a) features such as market harvest-home rate, market size, demand, the industrial serviceability, competitors and international opportunities. (Table 1, p. 2) Table 1 Industry Attractiveness of Primark (this should be little environment)FeaturesLevelExplanationMarket growth rateHighAs stated by Keller et al (2014), there will be the growth of spherical fashion industry at two-digit percent, especially from emerg ing countries in the period of 2014 and 2020Market sizeHighThe market size has grown basing on some trends such asThe evolution of buying power on Asian customers who waste moved to middle class. Moreover, they also define clothing as the dash to impress and show their lifestyle There is the increasing demand of travelling and obtainMarket size 192,334 million of Euro in 2013 with the market size growth of 2.75% in comparison with 2011 ( way of lifebi, 2013)Customer demandHighThere is the change of customer lifestyle and the increase of demand and need of difference (Barnes and Greenwood, 2006). As the evidence, some fast fashion brands such as Zara, H&M and Uniqlo, etc have developed with the fast growth rate (Christopher et al, 2004)Industrial profitabilityHigh, but decreased because of strong controversy which forces companies to concentrate their prices as the tool of creating competitive advantages Fast fashion companies have use supply chain to increase the efficiency an d reduce operational monetary value. Hence, they have achieved high rate of profitability (Sherry et al, 2012 Bhardwaj and Fairheart, 2010) There is the influence of strong competition into the margin of fast fashion because companies have identified the cost reduction as the way to realise competitive advantage (Lambert, 2014)CompetitorsHighThere is the high number of competitors in fast fashion industry, especially when this industry has the much increasing demandInternational opportunitiesHighThere are some reasons for the development of international presence of brands. The influence of globalization which is considered the way of take market share and growth when companies have achieved the peak growth in existing markets The development of IT is considered the motive for companies to develop internationally To leverage business chances from non-defined markets (citation )Business whole GrowthAccording to GE model (Porter, 1982 Abell & Hammond, 1986), Business Unit Growth has been shown through market share and its growth, distribution channel, production capacity and profit margins in comparison with others. The high level of Business Unit Growth in Primark has been shown in the following table Table 2 Business Unit Growth of Primark2.2. External analysis of US retail market2.2.1. Macro analysis PESTLEPolitical factors and Legal factorsUS are defined as the most powerful ad successful country in the world. As stated by Country Analysis Report (2010), US have found its certain political policies which deform the guideline of foreign retailers to expand and operate. However, there are some differences betwixt US politics and other developed countries. In details, greater power will lie on the upper house of legislature and have wider scope of power. Economic factors (what is the economic factors )Social factorsIn aspect of US demographics, white Ameri brush off placards for 72.4% while AfricanAmerican is with 12.6% and Asia with 4.8%. Mentioning to the US religion, 78.2% of population are with Christian while other religions and no religion account for 3.7% and 16.2% respectively. As surveyed by PwC (2014), US demographics will be alter with the increase of Asian immigrant children who were born in 1990 and 2000s (Figure 2, p. 5). Hence, there will be the wobble from the heritage to the elements of shopping experience in US. As the results, retailers will focus on young people and families and multi-marketing will be leveraged by 2020 (PwC, 2014) US customers have more than demand and are powerful in their shopping (PwC, 2014) Figure 2 Percent of Population by RaceSource PwC (2014) scientific factorsTechnological development is considered the main trend in current and future global economy. As mentioned in Figure (3, p. 6), US ranks at 3rd position among regions from the growth of the number of Internet users. Under this trend, marketing activities have leveraged the benefits of the Internet and social media to attract mor e customers. Moreover, online shopping is considered the certain trend of global shopping. Figure 3 The Internet user in the world from 2000 2011Source Nicolate et al (2012, p. 253)Legal factorsWhen companies have expanded to international countries like US, they need to pay their attention on regulation and respect the legislation of such countries. Hence, in the situation of Primark, when expanding to US, it also focuses on understanding all laws and regulations relating to retail industry. There are some laws which have influenced to US retail industry. Firstly, in aspect of advertising law, companies need to deliver true information of products and services which have been offered to customers. Or else, they will receive high financial penalties. Secondly, regarding to customer protection law, retailers are required to avoid misleading marketing programs which are implemented to boost sales. Thirdly, there are some regulations applied when retailers offer customers misleading d iscount while such discounts do not exist.Environmental factorsCustomers have changed their behavior which cares more about environment and health as well as want to contribute their responsibility to protect their environment. Hence, companies are required to concern more about environment into their products and services. 2.2.2. Micro analysis 3Cs (how galore( ring armornominal) segments on the industry ?)CustomersAccording to Conti (2014), targeted customers of Primark are young people who are defined as the bargain hunters and want to buy the high quality products with the demoralise price. Moreover, with the cypher of satisfying all range of age of customers, Primark has developed its wide range of products including men, women and children in home fashion, accessories and beauty products.Moreover, with the vision of offering updated style with change design in short term while making sure the high quality, Primark has defined its strategy to become notable fast fashion b rands such as Zara, H&M, Uniqlo, etc. In US, Primark can satisfy all ages of customers, but focus on young people from 20 to 40 days old. Moreover, with these target customers, Primark can leverage all benefits from the trend of technology development as well as e-commerce, CompetitionIn the global context, Primark has faced with umpteen fast fashion competitors, especially Zara, H&M, GAP and Uniqlo (Figure 4, p. 7). In aspect of US market which is considered the destination of fashion brands in the world, Zara, H&M and Uniqlo are defined as the main competitors of Primark because of their strong development and competition in US market. Figure 4 Top 10 Global Fast bearing Companies (20062010)Source Joon-Hwan et al (2011)In aspect of Zara, its growth in US market is shown through the increasing number of stores and revenue in 2014 in comparison with 2013. As mentioned in Annual report (2013), Zara has the total number of stores as 548 in US in 2013, compared with 482 stores in 20 12 (Figure 5, p. 8). Among these stores, Zara has also developed both kinds of stores such as under company management and franchise. Regarding to revenue, there was the increase to $2.3 billion in 2013 from $2.1 billion in 2012 (Figure 6, p. 9) Figure 5The number of stores of ZaraSource Annual report (2013, p. 181)Figure 6 The revenue of ZaraSource Annual report (2013, p. 184)Regarding to H&M, after its launching in US in 2000, it has owned 305 stores with the increasing number of 36 stores in 2013 (Annual report, 2013). Even though launched after Zara, H&M has built its brand image in US customers minds and has just launched its online website which is considered the unseasoned way to access more customers with the aim of increasing revenue and market share in 2013 (Dishman, 2013) Mentioning about Uniqlo, even though its late launching in US market in 2006 with the first flagship store in Soho, New York city (Fast Retailing, 2014), it has developed fast with the increasing number of big stores in flush location, for example, opening in Fifth Avenue in 2011.At the end of December, 2013, Uniqlo has owned 17 stores in US and aims to open up to 100 stores in this country and become the Top Casual wear brand in US (Annual report, 2013) Moreover, under strong competition, Uniqlo has leveraged US market through launching online website in 2012 which is earlier than that of H&M CorporateAssociates British Foods (ABF) is considered strong and leading position in some(prenominal) business sectors such as Sugar, Agriculture, Retail, Grocery and Ingredients (ABF Website, 2014). The representative of ABF in retail industry is Primark, which is the fast fashion brand launched in Ireland in 1969 under the first name of Pennys (Primark introduction, 2014).Until now, Primark is considered the typical feature of trendy fashion store in Europe because Primark has sold trendy clothing with the low price. In aspect of distribution system, Primark has over 270 stores in 8 Euro pean countries and plans to open the first retail store in US at the end of 2015 (Julia, 2014). As shared by ABF, which is the parent company of Primark, the plan to expand into US is to build the big store with the area of 70,000 meters in Boston and will expand the large number of stores until 2016. 2.3. S.O.W.T analysisS StrengthsPrimark is the famous brand of Associates British Food with the large distribution channel in Europe as 270 stores. Hence, Primark has much long experience in opening and direct stores in foreign countries Primark is one of Top 10 European fashion brands which are available in the list of 100 Global Fashion Brands in the world Products High quality with reasonable price and modern design are attractive to customers, especially young people under 35 historic period old Be successful with cost leadership strategy to achieve high market shareW WeaknessesAdvertising Just way cry Of Mouth marketing as the tool to reduce operational cost (Primark annual report, 2011) Distribution channels Even though having the large number of stores, Primark has not leveraged the benefits of online shoppingO OpportunitiesUS is considered the fashion destination in the world with high demand of local customers and foreign tourists Opportunities to use other kinds of marketing to alter sales and develop its brand imageS-O StrategiesOffering US customers products with high quality and reasonable price while updating modern design.Leveraging diversified tools of marketing to access customersW-O StrategiesDiversifying kinds of marketingOpening the chain of stores in prime location as the way to build brand image in customers mindsT ThreatsUS fashion industry has high level of competition, especially with the availability of famous fast fashion brands such as H&M, Zara and Uniqlo which also have long term development strategies in US Difficulties on understanding customers demand and needs because their behavior have been ever-changing under many eff ectsS-T StrategiesCompeting rivals with cost leadership strategyBasing on experience in operating in different culture, Primark should try to understand US customers and their changing behaviorW-O StrategiesLeveraging benefits from different kinds of marketingAccess different customers, both local and foreign tourists through distribution channels and marketing race2.4. strategic Implications and Conclusion (more critical what implication means?) Situation analysis becomes the important part of strategic planning for companies when they have planned to develop to saucily markets, especially markets over borders. This analysis includes both external and internal analysis so that companies can understand their resources and power as well as market characteristics. In this section, PESTLE and 3Cs model are used for analyzing external environment from perspectives of both macro and micro analysis. Moreover, GE model is also used to understand industry attractiveness and Business Unit. After these kinds of analysis, the report also mentions Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats through SWOT analysis. There are some strategic findings from this analysis such as products with high quality and reasonable prices, the leverage of marketing tools and accessing customers through the large distribution channels. situation B Competitive Environment through Porters flipper Forces As stated by Liang et al (2007), the importance of competitive force has been shown through its influences into organizational contest in the specific market and industry. Moreover, these competitive forces can come from both internal and external environment. Basing on the understandings of competitive forces, companies have defined their strategies and organizational activities (Low and Cheng, 2006). Porters Five Forces which is proposed by Porter (1985) become the important tools to find out five competitive forces for each company. The purpose of using this analysis is to integrat e the understandings on industry environment and inside power of companies. Hence, with the aim of understanding customers and competitors in US fashion industry and competitive advantages of Primark, this section focuses on using this model Porters Five Forces including the threats of brisk entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threats of substitute products and rivals among existing firms.Firstly, Primark has not faced with high level from the threats of red-hot entrants. The fashion industry has achieve high growth rate, as stated by Keller et al (2014) that the growth rate will be two digit number. Moreover, there are some trends such as the increasing demand of travelling and shopping as well as theevolution of buying power of Asia or developing countries. These features become the attractiveness to many companies who want to put their feet into fashion industry. However, being the big fashion brand in European and in the list of gl obal fashion brands in 2014, it is not easy for new players to compete. Secondly, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate. The reason is that with high position in fashion industry, there are many suppliers who want to encourage with Primark.Moreover, with the operation in many countries, Primark has many opportunities to access suitable suppliers. Thirdly, the bargaining power of consumers is high. Because US fashion retail industry is very competitive with the launch of many fashion brands, especially fast fashion brands such as Zara, H&M, etc, they have offered the diversified products and services to US consumers. It means that customers have more and more choices of fast fashion brands. Hence, it is not easy for Primark to attract them because their power is very high.Fourthly, basing on high competition, there are many threats of substitute products from competition brands. And lastly, mentioning about rivals in US fashion industry, Primark has met many difficulties to compete them, especially with brands which have the large distribution channels and online shopping website such as Zara, Uniqlo and H&M. In conclusion, through Porters Five Forces, even though Primark has strengths on high bargaining power of suppliers and have a few threats of new entrants, it have some difficulties caused by the strong competition and customers power.Part C marketing Strategies of Primark in US marketBasing on strategic findings in Part 4, this section will use 4Ps model as marketing strategies of Primark in US market.1. Product strategiesAccording to Czinkota and Ronkainen (2005), as the necessary step of internalization, companies have considered between standardization and adaption in their product strategies. Companies have four choices for this strategy. It is called as standardization which has no change in comparison with domestic products. Secondly, they can make some changes or adjustments for existing products which have been sold in domestic market i n order to match with foreign customers, for example, size or colors. Thirdly, they can create new products for foreign customers completely. It means that they have developed to satisfy new customers through the adaption as new productdevelopment.The last choice is to develop new products which can satisfy many countries and for this strategy, companies can sell such products globally. In the situation of Primark in US, because of the change of US customers behavior, in combination with the aim of achieving lower price through high volume of production, Primark should combine both standardization and adaption strategy. It means that Primark can adjust some existing products with suitable colors and sizes. Moreover, with the aim of understanding US customer behaviors, Primark also focuses on R&D to create new design which is satisfying customers at the high level.2. Price strategiesTo achieve the success of low price strategy, Primark has applied two strategies which are the same in the US. The first strategy is to find the best materials but low prices through leveraging the bargaining power of suppliers and to create new suppliers through seeking in new markets. Secondly, with the application of innovation in production and design, Primark can offer customers updated design.3. forwarding strategies (too general)Being different from other fast fashion brand such as TX Maxx which usually advertises its brand through many norms of advertising under the big campaign named Big Labels, Small Prices, Primark has neither advertise nor pay much money for celebrity endorses. Even Primark holds no end of seasonal campaign or big promotion for being out of stock. Promotion strategies are called marketing communication strategies which attract customers with their attention on new products and brands. According to woodwind instrument (2008), marketing communication comprises five main tools such as advertising, promotion, PR, direct marketing and Point of Sales.The reas on for integrating all tools into promotion strategies is that each tool had both advantages and disadvantages so the combination of these tools is to minimize all problems and disadvantages. As stated by Shimp (1997), Stewart (1996), Integrated selling Communication (IMC) is understood as the usage of all communications to deliver messages to target customers through different channels, for examples, TV advertising, PR, internet, media. For each strategy in IMC, the objectives and tactics will be mentioned and analyzed.3.1. Advertising through paying media (too general)3.1.1. ObjectivesTo build brand image (what image) in US customers in the first period of launching (how long) To reach 50,000 customers during one year after launching and such customers have visited Primark stores or made the online purchasing with the time of 4 each week.3.1.2. TacticsCreating the advertisements in TV CabsAmerican Fashion TV ChannelFashion OneLive FashionFashion TV Latin America3.2. Using social media such as Facebook and YoutubeTop 3 social media brands among many in the globe are Facebook, Youtube and Twitter which are ranked basing on the sales. Among these three social media, Facebook ranked at the first position, followed by Youtube and Twitter respectively (Social Media brand, 2013) Using Facebook as the tool to attract US customersCombining with some slight games in Facebook, such as Lucky Drawing to receive small gifts Post one or two updates for one day. Posts should focus on image and video relating to fashion shows or new collectionsTo use Youtube to drive vocation to the website of PrimarkTo kick of the launching advertisement with the content mentioned in TV commercials3.3. Public Relation3.3.1. ObjectivesTo implement PR Activities in 10 articles or magazines with the content focusing on the launching of Primark and the openingAchieving the satisfaction from 70% customers at least3.3.2. TacticsTo implement PR Activities in 10 articles or magazines3.4. modera te MarketingThe purpose of this tool of marketing is to make the sales increase immediately (Stone and Jacobs, 2008)3.4.1. ObjectivesTo reach customers with leads at the number of 24 within 6 months To make the catalogs and post them to Facebook and website with the purpose of increasing revenue at 2% per moths3.4.2. TacticsTo create direct mail to customers Making exciting direct mail with the picture of products and mail to customers who have been surveyed as those loving shopping and casual style.To create catalogues to increase the revenue with the use of distribution channels for such catalogs such as Website, Facebook, Direct Mail, etc3.5. Place strategiesIn aspect of distribution, Primark should leverage both offline and online channels for distributions. In the first stage, with the aim of building customers mind on products, Primark has opened some stores in shopping mall and department stores. And then, it has developed as street shops. Moreover, to access customers who w ant to buy Primark, but have some barriers to access offline stores, Primark has developed its website for online shopping Primark as street shopPrimark stores in shopping malls or department storesPrimark online shopping website4. ConclusionFree publicity is considered the important tool of marketing in Primark before launching in US. However, with some threats and weaknesses from strong competition as well as late launching in US, this report suggests Marketing strategies for Primark including Product, Price, Promotion and Place. In aspect of products and price, high quality, reasonable price andexcellent design have been achieved. Regarding to Promotion, Primark should combine some marketing tools such as TV, Social media, PR and Direct Marketing to create the efficiency. Moreover, with the plan of launching in both department stores and street as well as online shopping, Primark will access customers who are people Primark have looked for.ReferencesAbell, D.F., & Hammond, J.S. ( 1979). Strategic Market Planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall. Barnes, L. and Lea-Greenwood, G. 2006. Fast fashioning the supply chain shaping the research agenda. Journal of Fashion Marketing and worry 10(3), pp.259- 271. Bhardwaj, V. and Fairheart, A. (2010). Fast fashion response to changes in the fashion industry. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 20(1), 165-173 Chakravarthy, B., & Henderson, J. (2007). From a hierarchy to a heterarchy of strategies adapting to a changing context. Management Decision. 45 (3), 642652. Christopher, M, Lowson, R & Peck, H (2004) Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. 32(8), 367- 376. Czinkota, M. R. & I. A. Ronkainen (2005). A forecast of globalization, international business and trade Report from a Delphi study. Journal of World Business, 40(2), 111-123 Conti, S. (2014). Primark to Launch in US. WWD. Retrieved at http//www.wwd.co m/retail-news/mass-off-price/primark-to-open-stores-in-america-7653356 Dishman, L. (2013). Fashionably Late H&M Finally Launches E-Commerce In The U.S. Forbes. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/lydiadishman/2013/08/01/fashionably-late-hm-finally-launches-e-commerce-in-the-u-s/ Fashionbi (2013). Fast Fashion Market Report. Fashionbi. Retrieved from http//fashionbi.com/market/fast-fashion/all Fast Retailing (2014). History. Fast Retailing. Retrieved from http//www.fastretailing.com/eng/ir/library/pdf/ar2014_en_11.pdf Joon-Hwan, L., Shi-Hyun, A. and Sun-Young, H. (2011). Fast Fashion Out-of-the-Box Thinking in the garb Industry. Monthly Focus, 5 H&M (2013). Annual report 2013. H&M. Retrieved from http//about.hm.com/content/dam/hm/about/documents/en/cision/2014/01/1280856_en.pdf Keller, P. Anand, (2014). Social Marketing and well-grounded Behavior. Handbook of Persuasion and Social Marketing David W. Stewart (ed.),

American Military Might

Present American military and law enforcement agency might has been regorge to a test both internally and externally in recent years. With the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, which was born, in large part, in response to the events of folk 11, resources for battling terrorism have increased. Nevertheless, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have shown that the linked States is non adequately equipped militarily to confront and defeat sophisticated terrorist operations.While there has been a settle interrorist acts occurring in the United States, acts of terrorism abroad have not decreased. Clearly, the adequacy of military planning and military preparedness has been called into question. Douglas Bodero (1999) has identified four major(ip) theological extremist areas. These four groups are apocalyptic cults, Black Hebrew Israelism, the Christian Identity movements, and white supremacy religions. Doomsday cults believe that they must reach offensive action in order to bring about the end of the world (White2002). These beliefsform the basis and justification for the use of violent methods which are often direct at the United States. (T)errorist weapons are increasingly sophisticated and deadly. (White 2002). Osama bin Laden excluded, intelligence agencies in the United States have been highly successful in localization of function and identifying terrorist group leaders. Unfortunately, the failure to obtain intelligence from Middle East sources before terrorist acts occur has often been a challenge for the United States military and law enforcement agencies.This -1- is exhibit by the failure to win battles in the Vietnam, Korean, and Iraq Wars. While the United States certainly has a tremendous military advantage with highly technological weapons, including nuclear weapons and air surveillance, access to nuclear weapons has no advantage unless the United States is willing to use such weaponry. Treaties with the United Nations have outlawe d the use of nuclear weapons by each country. By doing, the United States has no ability to use such military might.In the countries previously described, ground war tactics and guerrilla warfare have prove a match with American troops (White2002). The unpopularity of the military draft, which originated in the Vietnam era, has prevented the United States from building sufficient troops needed in fighting terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism. Clearly, the United States simply has insufficient troops to battle terrorism occurring abroad. An increasing trend comes in the form of state-sponsored terrorism. Libya, Syria,and Iran are but some of the many countries which finance and submit weaponry and safe havens to terrorist groups. In the past, terrorist training camps located in Afghanistan have assisted in training aspiring terrorists from all over the world, including the Palestinian poke Organization (PLO) (White2002). In order to make a dent in preventing terrorism, the Uni ted States must recognize that a policy which publicly states that We will not negotiate with terrorists is often an impossibility. Certainly, the British initially believed that rogue colonies in the AmericanRevolution were terrorists and Britain used that policy to no avail. The policy which is advanced herein ignores basic crisis negotiation tactics. rightful(prenominal) as police must negotiate with -2- kidnappers and hostages to prevent harm to citizens, it is asserted here that the major conflicts could be mitigated and prevented (to some extent), with a different ideology in dealing with the terrorists and terrorist groups involved in the Iraq Civil war. CITATION White, J. (2002). Terrorism An Introduction (4th Ed. ). BelmontCA Wadsworth. -3-

Dominican Republic International Strategies Foreign Policy And National Security Affairs Essay

Domini brush aside land is known to be one and only(a) of the US Loyalists well-nigh the existence at present. Primarily, this is because of the fact that the United States has actually been mired in the huge part of the landed estates history. As for now, the solid ground is involved in a representative democracy stance of governance. Guided primarily by the American brass, the untaught is open to buy the farm the challenges of the modern life in the industrial scene in the social club today.A LAND rich in natural resources such as gold, iron, bauxite, marble and amber a well(p)-watered unpolished that can sustain its population with its agricultural produce a land that varies in climate from the hot, humid coastal region to the refreshing coolness of the mountains a land of palm trees and blue skies this is the friar pr all(prenominal)er body politic (Harvey, 2006, 19). Its atomic number 18a of 19,129 square miles constitutes two-thirds of the second-largest islan d of the Antilles group, a necklace of islands that spreads in an arc from the tip of the Florida Peninsula to Venezuela.Its highest mountain, Pico Duarte, rises 10,714 feet, like a sentinel guarding the outer perimeter of the Caribbean Sea. The earliest known inhabitants, Indian hunters, fishermen, farmers, have prospicient since vanished from the scene, victims of the greed, the cruelty and the religious fanaticism of the Catholic conquistadores from Spain (Harvey, 2006, 19). Columbus came in 1492 and renamed this island of Quisqueya, as it was known, La Espanola. The capital, Santo Domingo, founded by his brother, Bartholomew, is utter to be the oldest city in America, apart, that is, from the cities of the aboriginal inhabitants.(Matibag, 2003) The barbarities, hatreds, jealousies and violations of all Christian principle, which brought about the extinction of the Indians, long survived among a pot kept in ignorance by the Roman Catholic Church, denied every opportunity t o gain knowledge from Gods Word, the Bible. For over four hundred years the history of the territory has been a chronological sequence of intrigues, revolutions and wars. Even in more recent quantify little improvement could be say. In the period surrounded by 1844 and 1916, for instance, fifty-six civil wars excretered.To maintain domestic help tranquillity there was an American intervention in 1916 that lasted until 1924 (Moya Pons, 2001, 14). Next came six years of confusion nether what was known as the third republic, and then the long period of dictatorship styled the Era of Trujillo. National Purpose It is the spheres admirable advocate to keep on striving for the best possible shipway by which they could be given the chance to flourish amidst the growing multinational culture of worldwide brotherhood.Aside from simply existence a part of the ground forces alliances, the Dominican Republic too aims to be independently known as a strong country on its own. (Zinn, 2003, 10) As for now though, the purpose of the country remains within the lines of consideration with which the American government had been providing them with (Zinn, 2003, 18). Likely, the thought is that the country remains to be under the care of the American control, whereas, to be able to survive in the process of global change, the countrys governance need to be strongly in obedience with that of the treaties that they have signed before the American government.Understandably, these treaties involve the free trade the both countries agreed to whereas the stinting system of the country becomes highly dependent to the rules of international engagement that the American government has traffic circle for them. From this particular section of the discussion, it could be well noted that the government of Dominican Republic highly intend to secure the alliance that they have with the American government as it well plys them the protection that they need from the possible military attacks that might be caused by neighboring countries.To arm themselves of the necessary guidelines that they need to survive the globally connected manner of all other countries around the world, they are in dire need of assistance from larger countries such as that of the United States (Moya Pons, 2001, 18). This does not mean though that the countrys government is lame sufficient to give care its own issues or problems at that, rather, it is silence not prepared enough to exhibit the huge challenges of autonomous recovery from the history of wars and inequalities in their own society that they once experienced. IdeologyIt has been a plaguing fact in the society today to accept the fact that m each individuals around the world are aiming to become just like the western races, primarily that of the Americans. The society making up the Dominican Republic is likely one among the many groups of people who actually want to embrace the culture of the west. In fact, many other count ries are in the akin line of thinking. The inviting culture of the American people has likely addressed many others in a well influential way that they are almost bear on by what they see through media, what they read through books and the internet and many others.Truly, United States and the culture it carries are most likely considered by many as todays most flourishing civilization in the world. With the influence that they are making in the world through trade and entertainment, they are most often that not implying the thought of the need to become like them. As a result, immigrants from around the world choose to hold in decisions of moving in to the American Society and Americanize themselves as part of their so-called personal satisfaction on personal advancement. (Rawley, 2005, 19)Dominican Republicans actually follow the comparable path. At most, concord to reports, at least 40% of the immigrants in America are likely from that particular area of the world (Zinn, 200 3, 13). Undeniably, these statistics prove how much the people of Dominican Republic actually want to embrace the culture of their so-named protectors. It is through this that the modern day youth of the Dominica Republic know less of their original traditions and culture but well know of the American Societys advancement as well as history and traditions.This is particularly the reason why the situation among the young genesis of the said country is most likely focused upon making amends as to how they could serve the best possible way to at least draw and quarter out of their country and transfer to the American regions. This has been most likely the plaguing situation among third world countries as Dominican Republic today(Moya Pons, 2001, 17). Therefore, aside from being under the American control, the people are overly becoming highly familiar with the American society and are thus able to adjust within the societys way of living.Considerably, as the global scene changes, it is understandably expected that the culture of the world changes as well specifically those of the countries which are primarily involved in lower stinting status in the world market (Zinn, 2003, 18). Likely, the idea is that the weaker countries would intend to become much likely dependent on those of higher(prenominal) and stronger standards and governance in terms of social, economic as well as global status within the global dealings of countries today.(Moya Pons, 2001, 15) National Interest It is every countrys goal to be able to sustain itself along with the people living within its area of concern. The government of Dominican Republics hopes to do the same thing. Even though most of their affairs both internal and external are controlled by the government of the United States of America, the said governance still wants to provide the best possible resources to their people at the best possible way that they can. (Harvey, 2006, 32)Understandably, the government of the said c ountry continues to aim in making its own economic standing stable in the international scene thus engaging in different business investments that are most allowed by the treaties that they have bring forward signed with other powerful governments around the world (Matibag, 2003, 45). Because of this process, the alliances of the country with others also stand as a major key factor with which it is able to imbed fine partnerships with others thus safeguarding national interest and providing their stakeholders with the best possible values that they ought to receive.National Power The national power of the Dominican Republic actually depends on a much larger scope within the powers of the American provisions for the countrys protection. (Matibag, 2003, 19) Understandably, this may picture the said country in a less-able entity in the international state that makes it weaker in a sense in comparison with others. However, the real national power of the country relies on their people directly.True, because of economic dependence to the country towards the control of the United States, it could not be denied that they are viewed by many as the US alliance that continues to be allied with the country for the sake of protection. On the contrary though, the people of the said country are well spirited and the history attests to this fact. They are also capable of knowing when they are already oppressed and are thus moved to act towards those who might be in a position of oppressing them. (Zinn, 2003, 18) ThreatThe Dominican Republics Status in the International Trade is likely the weakest position of the country in the world today. It could be noted that their situation in the current status of international relations today is controlled by the huge governments that are considered powerful today. With this in mind, it could be described that one particular threat in the country is that their dependence in the powerful governments of the world today might bring them down as well in times of larger complexities that may occur between the relations that they establish with the said authoritative country governments (Matibag, 2003, 19).In terms of international relations, Haiti appears to be among the toughest threats that the country needs to face. According to reports, it is the connection between the two countries that serves as a major link of Dominican Republic to failure. Likely, as Haiti becomes one among the poorest countries around the world, Dominican Republic never cease to append in terms of economic stability and power as it continues to stay in link with that of the American government (Harvey, 2006, 31).The issue is that as the other country survives, how well is it willing to support its neighboring country in its struggle for survival in a global challenge. Domestic factors The people of Dominican Republic are known for their friendliness and hospitality to international visitors. Their warmth in accepting tourists have actuall y made them and their country one of the most visited areas in the world. With the said attitude, the people of the said country are now known for their capability of handling the needs of the different nationalities visiting their area. approximately likely, this particular spirit makes them one of the countries whose tourist businesses are really flourishing as assistance to the supposed growth of the economy of the country. Moya Pons, 2001, 54) As of now, the country is a host to multicultural society that welcomes a number of immigrants from around the world. Their asset of being much welcoming to others made the employment rate in the said country also handle some certain changes with regards balance and multiculturalism of culture. Over eight and half people reside in the country and at least 43% if these people belong to different races (Zinn, 2003, 18).Likely, the idea is that the country holds much asset in terms of handling multicultural society as they are at times becom ing the host country to some other immigrants in the United States who are aiming to search for employment abroad. (Matibag, 2003, 23) Military strategy Since the bombing of Pearl withstand on December 7, 1941, over thirty-two years ago, the United States has had just three years of peace where none of its military forces were in a combat somewhere in the world. The other twenty-nine years saw U. S. servicemen active in such places as Korea, Congo, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Indochina (Harvey, 2006, 10).As one of the countries well assist by the American government, Dominican Republic also owes its military strength to the guidelines of security that the American government suggests to the country. Today, there are at least 44,000 violence in military force but only 70% of them are working for actual military practices. The other 30% percent are speechless for plain security activities as well as for social security programs provided by the government (Moya Pons, 2001, 28). IT is their military stance to handle certain difficulties along with the American government when certain situations arise.As for example, they are required to send in military assistance to other American alliances which are in crisis. International Strategy The countrys connection with the American government has given it a strong stand in the International picture of alliances with other continental governance. With the American government at its back, this country became one of the many dependents of US in terms of social and military influences. In accordance with this, the country intends to use their connection with America as a basis of their strength and power in the international relations and agreements.(Harvey, 2006, 19) To even strengthen their stand, Dominican Republic carried several policies that make their status in the global connections well recognized by other governments. However, because of the control that the American government has on their regulations wit h regards international connections, their alliances with others that are solely trenchant upon their own government become rather limited to certain chosen societies that are rather pre-approved by the regulations and treaties that they have signed with America (Matibag, 2003, 52). abroad investments also become rather controlled by the American government thus making the economic growth of the country less likely to take huge leaps forward. Foreign Policy As mentioned further earlier, Dominican Republic is known for its connection with the American government. This includes the control than the country has upon Dominican Republics foreign policies.Most often than not too, the country usually handles several treaties with other neighboring countries to handle the protection that they need from being possibly competed with or attacked in any possible aspect of the countrys factoral measures for advancement (Sean, 2006, 59). However, in terms of investments and money issues, the gov ernment of Dominican Republic made it sure that they are able to protect their own businessmens capitals to their own industries as the law against money laundering had been established on October 2001.For this reason, it could be noted that most of the foreign policies that they impose during international relations activities are largely based upon the foreign trades that they are particularly involved with at the same time. (Zinn, 2006, 13) US Involvement with Dominican Republic Obviously, from the discussions mentioned within this study, the United States and its government has so much to do with whatever status Dominican Republic have today.Ever since the recovery of the country from the strife of the war years, the US government never ceased to assist the country for the sake of regaining the economic strength that they are supposed to attain to face the challenges of a more globally renowned relations in the society today. Furthermore, the 1906 50-year treaty between Dominica n Republic and the United States has bonded the two countries making each other rather strongly and directly familiar with each others strengths and limitations (Matibag, 2003, 97).Each of which are able to handle in balance so as to handle as an ace to the relationship that they share. Understandably though, the cooperation that exists between the two countries remains to be the strongest link that connects them together for success. (Moya POns, 2001, 54) Summary Numerous precedents prove that when good international relations produce confidence, it may lead to some disarmament. General friendliness between Canada and the United States, for example, has meant that their 3,000 mile 5,000 km border has been unprotected by armies for over one and a half centuries.Norway and Sweden have achieved a similar accord, as have many other nations. Could an agreement between all nations achieve a world without armies? With the horrors of World War I, the idea gained unprecedented popularity. ( Matibag, 2003, 62) When peace was made in 1918, one of the purposes of the Versailles peace treaty was to render possible the initiation of a worldwide limitation of the armaments of all nations. (Sean, 2006, 19) During the following years, pacifism became popular. Some pacifists theorized that war is the worst thing that can befall a nation and is therefore worse than deplorable defeat.Opponents of pacifism disagreed, pointing out that over the centuries, Jews in large areas put up little armed resistance to attackers, yet cruel attempts to exterminate them go on. Africans had little opportunity to resist those who brought them as slaves to the Americas, and yet they were cruelly mistreated for centuries. With the outbreak of World War II, however, many pacifists concluded that countries need protection. So when the United Nations was established subsequently World War II, the emphasis was less on disarmament and more on international cooperation to prevent aggression.The memb ers hoped that the security thus provided would give nations confidence to disarm. some other problem became increasingly clear. Often the efforts of a nation to make itself secure made its neighbor line up insecure. This vicious circle led to an arms race. tho more recently, improved relations between the major nations have strengthened the hope of disarmament. Since then, however, the Gulf War and the troubles in former Yugoslavia have dashed hopes of disarmament for many. About five years ago, Time magazine commented Though the cold war is over, the world has become a more, rather than less, dangerous place. (As quoted by Moya Pons, 2001, 18) It has been noted through this study that the relationship of Dominican Republic with the huge powers of the world has been rooted from the fear of being unprotected from another whole range of war years as history posted on the pages of the said countrys history. It has been through this too that many other third world countries around t he world seek the protection of larger controlling governments for the sake of feeling safely endowed within their protection although at times the said relations are rather disadvantageous on their part.Conclusion During the Spanish-American War of 1898 Britain and the United States drew still closer together. This is pointed out by the impertinently Cambridge Modern news report by G. N. Clark (2000), p. 580 A war in which the United States was subsequently engaged with Spain cemented this feeling. The government and the people of the United States recognized the advantage which they derived from the goodwill of Great Britain in the hour of their necessity, and the two nations drew together as no other two nations had perhaps ever been drawn together before. This close relationship has continued into the twentieth century, as we have seen, resulting in a dual world power. Showing that this world power still has a powerful position in world affairs, The Washington Post, in its iss ue of September 28, 1969, commented on the military presence of the United States in other countries (as quoted by Rawley, 2005, 32). It observed that this presence exists in sixty-eight foreign countries and then said Truly, the sun never sets on Americas bewildering military entanglements (Clark, 2000, 87).Thus the influence of the Anglo-American world power is still felt world wide even though Great Britain no longer has the vast empire she once had. But now this influence is being challenged by the Communist nations. With this truth in mind, it should be understood why smaller and weaker countries such as the Dominican Republic actually console themselves to feel protected from the possible attack of larger countries against them in case complexities of international relations arise. References Harvey, Sean (January 2006). The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic.Rough Guides, 59. ISBN 1-84353-497-5. Matibag, Eugenio (2003). Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint Nation, State, and Rac e on Hispaniola. Macmillan. ISBN 0312294328. Moya Pons, Frank. (2001). The Dominican Republic, A National History, 147-149. Zinn, Howard (2003). A Peoples History of the United States 1492 Present. HarperCollins, 7. ISBN 0060528427. Rawley, James A. Behrendt, Stephen D. (2005). The Transatlantic Slave Trade A History. University of Nebraska Press, 49. ISBN 0803239610. G. N. Clark. (2000). New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge University Press.

International management and change Essay

When Pascal made this statement, globalization had yet to take place. People lived in variant societies remaining cut-off from each other. Each baseball club had its own perception of truth and reality. Then came along the advancement in technology bringing along inventions such as computer, internet and tele communications do the universe a global village. Perceptions started changing as information merge across the globe happened at the speed of light.People from all across the globe started sharing their experiences with each other thus reduction the differences in various cultures. However, the act of globalization has yet to reach its peak. Cultural differences still exist within contrasting societies and the level of information and technology is still heterogeneous around the globe. I would now highlight some stealing features of the management styles of various sections.We observe that the beliefs and values of quite a little vary across various cultures. The Japa nese pass as a group and organizational trunk is ground on community work. The reward musical arrangement is based on the level of seniority and is also group based. The organizational structure is cooperation based whereas American organizations often are based on emulous style where individuals are rewarded based on their exertion levels. Similarly the management style of French is also real different from that of US.French follow a more creative thinking pattern and do not like to adhere to strict rules and regulations. The European management style has some key points that distinguish it from the American management style. The European management style even differs within the European countries and two countries deserve a special focus France and Germany because, among other reasons, the bureaucrats in those countries have long been regarded as mandarins by the field of public administration (Dogan 1976).European management style can be classified into different cluste rs based upon Hofstedes cultural dimensions and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turners cultural variables (Goliath, 2004) according to which European management style can be sub-divided into Anglo-Saxon culture (Ireland, UK, and USA), Nordic culture (Denmark, Nor mode, Netherlands, Sweden, and Finland), Germanic culture (Austria, Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland), Frankophile culture (France, Greece, Portugal, and Spain) and Italian culture. These cultures also differ greatly from the US and Japanese styles of management thus requiring different management practices.The pay for cognitive swear out system can work with the European management style as employees in Europe are virtuallyly achievement oriented and perform good work for better rewards. The cultural beliefs and values of Europeans are pretty much different from the people of US and hence the merchandising techniques used in Europe should be different from those applied in US. For example, Europeans are very much reluctant to providing personal information as compared to US customers also the credit card purpose in Europe is considerably lower than in US (Heilbrunn, 1998).The introduction of raw logo and devouration of matrix structure allowing a flatter organizational structure can work relatively better in the European business environment The caller operations in South America occupy a completely different lift as Latin American culture significantly differs from US culture in terms of communication process. The US culture emphasizes on completion of task and sentences are interpreted in their direct meaning. However Latin American rescript focuses on relationships and context of the communication whitethorn involve more than just the spoken words (Wederspahn, 2001).So the merchandising and sales efforts in South American cannot be standardized with the US practices since the Latin American customers tend to perceive communication messages in a very different way from their US counter move. Th e new logo can be inclosed, however introduction of a flatter organization with matrix structure may not be feasible in South America as the type of culture prevalent in this society is not conducive to the working of non-hierarchical organizations. If we study the culture of Middle Eastern countries, it is found that the business practices all over again differ significantly from those of US.The business is mostly chaotic and based upon word of mouth rather than written agreements, the cultural values are mostly Moslem and respect for relationships is held supreme also the marketing regulations in Middle Eastern countries are very strict as compared to US or rest of the macrocosm (Kwintessential Ltd). The middle eastern management style is mostly supercilious and based upon Douglas McGregors Theory X motivational leadership style (Daniel Workman , 2008). therefore employees have little or no motivation to work on their own and ordain perform only when directed by the super iors.Thus noctilucent managers from US and other Western states often try to nullify working in Middle East and so they must first be provided tight-laced cultural training in authoritative styles thus enabling them to adapt to the management practices of the Middle East. The Australian business is more similar to that of US as compared to the rest of regions as described above. The language and dress code is pretty much similar. However, Australian society is strictly based upon egalitarian principle where zip like being bossed around. People dont like to consider others as superiors and there is almost no hierarchical system (Slideshare, 2009).So authoritarian style of management go away not be welcomed in the Australian business. The meeting and negotiation styles as well as the general beliefs of the Australian society are pretty close to the American beliefs. However according to a study on behavior of 35,000 managers from Australia and New Zealand, the Australian managers consistently try to avoid responsibilities and do not take initiatives (Gettler, 2002). Thus tarboosh should provide cultural and leadership training to Australian manager before implementing any kind of central strategy.Discrimination issues also prevail in Australia that can make life for foreign managers very difficult. However, recently steps have been taken to strongly implement anti-discrimination laws. The roles of front line managers are also changing in Australia as they are provided more and more freedom and responsibility (James Saville, & Mark Higgins, 1994). The sales and marketing strategy in Australia can be aligned with the US strategies relatively easily because of the similarity in both societies. So the dilemma of tarboosh is choosing among centralized and decentralize access code.Centralization can be defined as, the degree to which decision-making authority is kept at outgo levels of management. while Decentralization can be defined as, the degree to whic h decision making authority is pushed down to lower levels of the firm (Schilling 2008). Both approaches have their own pros and cons. FES has seen tremendous growth over the years and has been expanding into new regions at a very quick rate. Thus the organization requires a large amount of flexibility in its decision making that can be provided by a decentralized approach.However, due to rapid expansion, the organization requires tighter control of pays and close monitoring of all its operations to dishonor costs and maintain quality. These measures can be achieved through a more centralized approach. So what approach suits FES bests can be determined by a cost benefit analysis where each advantage and disadvantage of delegation authority has to be carefully analyzed in light of the bon ton objectives. Thus aligning the decision making process with the vision of the organization.A centralized approach can benefit the organization by significantly reducing the administrative cos t related to employee management. Infrastructure handling will also be more efficient and it will be easier for the headquarter to align organizational goals with the practicable and divisional goals ( Dezaree Seeds, & Alan S. Khade , 2008). Centralized approach will also make reporting procedure simple resulting in standardized organizational policies. Thus in this way it will further help the organizational objective of flattening the organizational structure and in creation of a matrix organizational setup.A decentralized approach on the other hand can benefit the organization by providing flexibility and em force playing employees at the divisional and functional level. As explained above, different regions in which FES is operating have different working environments and the condition of energy industry in Europe, Australia, Middle East, US and South East Asian regions are very different from each other. Thus decentralization of HR and marketing policies will allow the organi zation to cater to the customer needs in the ways most suited to specific regions.It will also allow greater local control and the ability to act quickly to gain local resources ( Dezaree Seeds, & Alan S. Khade , 2008). Decentralization will also allow the organization to better deal with the cultural diversity and provide training to the employees as and when the need arises. One thing that business, institutions, governments and key individuals will have to realize is spiders and starfish may look alike, but starfish have a miraculous quality to them. Cut off the leg of a spider, and you have a seven-legged creature on your hands cut off its head and you have a dead spider.But cut off the ramification of a starfish and it will grow a new one. Not only that, but the severed arm can grow an entirely new body. Starfish can achieve this feat because, unlike spiders, they are decentralized every major organ is replicated across each arm (Beckstrom and Brafman 2008). The type of appro ach taken by FES depends upon the nature and present condition of the global energy industry. The energy industry around the world is in a consecutive state of flux. As more and more energy companies around the world become private and become free from the control of state, the nature of competition is changing (ExxonMobil, 2004).Demand for power is increasing at an exponential rate and the competition from private as well as government owned companies is fierce. In the power generation sector, each country has established different laws and tariff rates for multinational organizations. Thus on a whole it seems wiser to maintain a decentralized organizational setup which is flexible enough to quickly respond to the changing conditions of the industry. FES should maintain its present functional structure by keeping the finance, output and HR departments centralized.However using the same marketing and sales techniques all across the globe has a lot of negative implications. Thus al lowing the regional marketing departments to work according to their specific environment is the best possible option. So in order to maintain decentralization in the marketing and sales department, the top management has to establish strong ties with all of its regional departments. A strong organizational culture based upon a clear vision and mission of the company should be communicated to all of its employees.Perhaps FES can create a loan-blend model which allows centralization of decision making with respect to financial and alpha managerial decisions and at the same time, the marketing campaign is allowed flexibility according to the specific needs of the region. A key concern for FES is to harmonize its rapid global growth. Power and gas generation has to be taken in new countries and new plants need to be setup. The international operations have expand a lot and efforts must be made to consolidate the existing business while growing in new regions of the world.As part of th e integrating effort FES must conduct extensive employee training program instilling in each employee the vision and objective of the organization. The company should consolidate its major decision making power in the Headquarter thereby allowing Headquarter to maintain a close monitory system on all of its subsidiaries. By centralizing its finance and management activities, the company can also approve marketing budgets for different regions from its Headquarter, thus building coherence in the finance and marketing goals.However the marketing and sales strategies for each region should be decentralized thus instilling greater flexibility and freedom among marketing departments to cater to their local markets. The pay for performance system can work smoothly in few of the regions but as explained earlier, some regions such as Middle East and some parts of South East Asian cultures demonstrate a more hierarchical structure and it will be extremely difficult to introduce pay for perf ormance system in these regions.Also the parameters should be clearly defined before introducing the pay for performance system in different regions. Because same results usually do not show same amount of performance in different regions. What kind of performance and what kind of pay should be decided and communicated to all regional offices. The parameters for monitoring performance should be based upon different standards for different regions. Similarly some of the major HR policies should be centralized but mostly HR of each region should be independent in choosing the who, what, when and where about its employees.For example, Middle Eastern region is very warm in summers as compared to the European region and the work habits and optimum level of work during different seasons is different for both these regions. Thus separate working policies should be established for each of the region. The R&D department should remain centralized at the American Head Office. As a centralized R&D approach is more beneficial for a company like FES which has not expanded business into a variety of categories (AB, 2001).However taking technological inputs from all across the globe may help the R&D department in improving its efficiency and effectiveness. Thus technological integration should be built where all global units of FES are directly integrated with its Head Office and the information flow between Head Office and different regions should be quick and efficient. The production department should carry out its role from the plaza, managing the manufacturing process across the globe from the Head Office. So it can be seen that different aspects of FES operations require different level of centralization and decentralization.Also different regions require different level of authority delegation based upon their internal environment and national cultures. It is relatively easier to introduce standard policies in Europe and Australia as both of these cultures are very si milar to that of US. However, standardizing procedures across Middle East and South America is not a feasible option. The regional business units should remain decentralized as there should be some form of flexibility to make the decision making process quicker.The regional heads should be sent directly from the Head Office, however if some regions in Middle East are not being managed effectively by American managers, then leadership services of local managers should be availed after providing them extensive cultural training programs at the Head Office. The regional units should be joined to the Head Office through the fastest technology available so that there is no or little information gap between the center and regional units.Thus in light of the cultural differences prevailing in various regions of the world, the best suited approach should be to take a hybrid approach while showing some restrain in application of a centralized approach and making some variations in the stand ards for implementation in different regions. The integration of overall business can be achieved by proper use of technology and defining proper hierarchical system for flow of information between Head Office and various regional units.

Educational Research Methods Essay

1. What is the oecumenical purpose of a human subjects review?The general purpose of the human subjects review panel is to ensure that the rights, interests and the welf be of the human subjects are maintained during clinical seek, and the clinical tests is conducted in an ethical manner pliable with standards established. The review panel has the authority approve, amend or even reject any human research. During the entire process of the clinical research, the review panel would be studying the manner in which the research is being conducted, and ensuring that the guidelines are stuck to. Several regulatory authorities would be ensuring that the review board monitors the research being conducted on human subjects.The review board would be approving the research protocol outline and would also be creating the informed consent form. During the meeting of the review board, the protocol would be studied, and accordingly it would be approved, disapproved or modified. The review boar d would have to ensure that during any clinical trial, the risks to the human subjects are minimal, and certain benefits could be anticipated. The benefits gained from the trial should be maximal and the risks involved should be minimal. It would also look into other ethical issues such as confidentiality, informed consent and deceptive practices (USAF, 1999 & St. Edwards University, 2006).2. What kinds of people within your organization would you ask to be on the review panel? Explain your reasons for choosing each person?The human subject research board is usually unruffled of a minimum of five members. They should be professionally competent to examine research proposals and give consent for them on human subjects. The members of the review board should be professionally qualified and should have sufficient experience so as to make confiscate decisions with regards to the human subjects. The members of the board should kick the bucket to various backgrounds and should be acq uainted(predicate) of the issues that exist in the community research is being conducted in. The members of the board are usually elected for about 2 years. Men and women should be a founder of the board, so that female issues could also be appropriately addressed. At least one member of the board should belong to a non-scientific background, and one member should belong to a scientific background (Monmouth, 2007 & St. Edwards University, 2006).3. Give examples of projects within your organization that may require careful review before they are approved and of those that may be exempt from human studies review requirements.The institutional review board (IRB) of my organization would be examining any clinical research project that requires the use of human subjects, and in which some amount of risk exists. The main aim of the IRB would be to assess the amount of risk that exists and also ensure that the trial is being conducted in an appropriate manner so that the risk is minimal. Choosing the subjects should also be done in an equitable manner, and the IRB would be studying this. The IRB would also be examining the provision of monetary and non-monetary incentives to the subjects who are a part of the clinical trial (HHS, 2005 & USAF, 1999).Some of the programs in which approval of the board is not required includes evaluations conducted by the student and teachers (for educational purposes), evaluation of the research program, marketing research, employee evaluations, certain educational tests, diagnostic tests, interview or survey procedures, compilation of existing data, etc (The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 2007)